Knee osteonecrosis, also known as avascular necrosis of the knee, is a condition characterized by the death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply. If left untreated, it can lead to pain, swelling, and eventually joint collapse. Osteonecrosis can affect any bone, but it often targets the knee—especially the femoral condyles. The condition may develop in one or both knees and can significantly impact function and quality of life.
The primary cause of knee osteonecrosis is a disruption in the blood supply to the bone, which can be triggered by various factors. Trauma, such as fractures or dislocations, can damage nearby blood vessels. Prolonged or excessive use of corticosteroid medications and heavy alcohol consumption are also significant risk factors. Certain medical conditions, such as lupus, sickle cell disease, and decompression sickness, may predispose individuals to osteonecrosis. In some cases, the cause remains unknown.
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The treatment of knee osteonecrosis aims to preserve the joint, relieve pain, and improve function. Early stages can often be managed with non-surgical methods such as medication, rest, and physiotherapy. However, as the disease progresses, surgical options—such as knee replacement—may become necessary to restore the joint’s integrity and function.
At the Hanche Genou Clinic, our expert surgeons, Dr. Yves Laflamme and Dr. Hai Nguyen, offer knee replacement surgery to help patients regain their mobility and quality of life. During this procedure, the damaged bone and cartilage on the surface of your knee joint are removed and replaced with an artificial joint made of metal and plastic components. The artificial joint is designed to mimic the movement and function of a healthy, natural knee. This prevents the bones from rubbing against each other—the main cause of the pain and stiffness associated with osteonecrosis.
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